JOCS
Journal of Comprehensive Surgery

The aim of the Comprehensive Surgery is to publish original research articles of the highest scientific and clinical value at the international level in all surgical fields.

eISSN: 2980-0862
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Pioneering green surgery: exploring current positions, advances, challenges, and pragmatic solutions for resource-inadequate settings
Abstract
Surgery is a major contributor to greenhouse gas emissions, especially through anesthetic gases, energy use from machines, and disposable materials. In low and middle income countries (LMICs) like Nigeria with limited access to surgery, its environmental impact further challenges already strained systems. This review explores the feasibility, strategies, and future prospects of implementing green surgery in poor resource settings. It also highlights its role in promoting equity, reducing costs, and conserving the environment. A broad literature review was conducted using peer-reviewed articles, global health reports, and case studies. Databases i.e PUBMED, Google Scholar and Scopus were scoured for reliable studies, field reports and original manuscripts. Key tools such as the PIPES instrument and Green Surgery Checklist were analyzed for use in LMICs. Green surgical practices, which include reuse models, solar-powered theatres, digital health, and waste segregation, have been shown to reduce costs, improve outcomes, and cut emissions by up to 97%. The "green channel" model demonstrated reduced postoperative complications without compromising care. Tools like the PIPES assessment and 5Rs-based checklists support implementation. Climate-resilient infrastructure, ethical frameworks, and global collaborations, including WHO’s three-bin waste system, further strengthen sustainability in surgical care. Green surgery is both feasible and beneficial in LMICs. It aligns environmental goals with surgical equity, cost-effectiveness, and quality care. Embedding sustainable practices into health systems through innovation, policy, and global cooperation is essential for building climate-resilient surgical services and mitigating healthcare’s environmental footprint.

Keywords : Green surgery, surgical applications, environmental health, health systems, surgery

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Article available in :
Volume 4, Issue 2, 2026
Page : 41-50
https://doi.org/10.51271/JOCS-0075
Article Information
Received : 05 Oca 2026
Accepted : 17 Şub 2026
Published : 23 May 2026
Corresponding Author :

Patrick Ashinze: Department of Medicine, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria

[email protected]
Citation : Ashinze P, Adedoyin G, Ayodele P, et al. Pioneering green surgery: exploring current positions, advances, challenges, and pragmatic solutions for resource-inadequate settings-a scoping review. J Compr Surg. 2026;4(2):41-50.

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