JOCS

The aim of the Comprehensive Surgery is to publish original research articles of the highest scientific and clinical value at the international level in all surgical fields.

EndNote Style
Index
Original Article
Evaluation of patients' anxiety on colorectal cancer screening in global health burden conditions such as COVID-19
Aims: Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains to be the third most common cancer and could be detected earlier with screening programmes. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has disrupted routine health care globally including CRC screening. In this study we aimed to assess and compare the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) scores in patients who were planned to undergo screening before and during COVID-19.
Methods: In this cross sectional study we compared data of patients who were planned to undergo CRC screening during COVID-19 period (February 1 to February 28,2021) with those of the same period of 2019 (pre-COVID-19). Groups were compared in terms of age, gender, education level, incidence of unwillingness and cancelling the colonoscopy for CRC and HADS scores.
Results: The mean (±SD) age of the whole cohort was 51.1 (±12.45) years. Sixteen (28%) of the patients were unwilling to undergo screening and 3 (5.2%) of them cancelled the colonoscopy in COVID-19 period group, however none of the patients had an anxiety to undergo screening and cancelled colonoscopy in pre-COVID-19 group. The subscales of Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; HADS-A and HADS-D scores were significantly higher in COVID-19 period group.
Conclusion: Due to the fear of patients’ to be exposed to COVID-19, the rate of CRC screening has been decreased worldwide. Especially in the global health burden circumstances like COVID-19, less invasive, easily applicable and screening tests with high sensitivity and specifity could be the preferred option in order to improve patients’ compliance.


1. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) 2020. https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/index.html
2. Richards M, Anderson M, Carter P, Ebert BL, Mossialos E. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cancer care. Nat Cancer. 2020;1(6):565-567. doi:10.1038/s43018-020-0074-y
3. Sung H, Ferlay J, Siegel RL, et al. Global cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 2021;71(3):209-249. doi:10. 3322/caac.21660
4. Kammar P, Chaturvedi A, Sivasanker M, et al. Impact of delaying surgery after chemoradiation in rectal cancer: outcomes from a tertiary cancer centre in India. J Gastrointest Oncol. 2020;11(1):13-22. doi:10. 21037/jgo.2019.12.04
5. Simunovic M, Rempel E, Thériault ME, et al. Influence of delays to nonemergent colon cancer surgery on operative mortality, disease-specific survival and overall survival. Can J Surg. 2009;52(4):E79-E86.
6. Mazidimoradi A, Tiznobaik A, Salehiniya H. Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on colorectal cancer screening: a systematic review. J Gastrointest Cancer. 2022;53(3):730-744. doi:10.1007/s12029-021-00679-x
7. Cosco TD, Doyle F, Ward M, McGee H. Latent structure of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale: a 10-year systematic review. J Psychosom Res. 2012;72(3):180-184. doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2011.06.008
8. Snaith RP. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2003;1:29. doi:10.1186/1477-7525-1-29
9. Lee YC, Fann JC, Chiang TH, et al. Time to colonoscopy and risk of colorectal cancer in patients with positive results from fecal immunochemical tests. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2019;17(7):1332-1340.e3. doi:10.1016/j.cgh.2018.10.041
10. Meester RG, Zauber AG, Doubeni CA, et al. Consequences of increasing time to colonoscopy examinationafter positive result from fecal colorectal cancer screening test. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2016;14: 1445-51.e8. doi:10.1016/j.cgh.2016.05.017
11. Richards M, Anderson M, Carter P, Ebert BL, Mossialos E. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cancer care. Nat Cancer. 2020;1(6):565-567. doi:10.1038/s43018-020-0074-y
12. Sud A, Torr B, Jones ME, et al. Effect of delays in the 2-week-wait cancer referral pathway during the COVID-19 pandemic on cancer survival in the UK: a modelling study. Lancet Oncol. 2020;21(8):1035-1044. doi:10. 1016/S1470-2045(20)30392-2
13. De Vincentiis L, Carr RA, Mariani MP, Ferrara G. Cancer diagnostic rates during the 2020 ‘lockdown’, due to COVID-19 pandemic, compared with the 2018-2019: an audit study from cellular pathology. J Clin Pathol. 2021;74(3):187-189. doi:10.1136/jclinpath-2020-206833
14. Wassie MM, Agaciak M, Cock C, Bampton P, Young GP, Symonds EL. The impact of coronavirus disease 2019 on surveillance colonoscopies in South Australia. JGH Open. 2021;5(4):486-492. doi:10.1002/jgh3.12525
15. Lantinga MA, Theunissen F, Ter Borg PCJ, et al. Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on gastrointestinal endoscopy in the Netherlands: analysis of a prospective endoscopy database. Endoscopy. 2021;53(2):166-170. doi: 10.1055/a-1272-3788
16. Boyle LI, Boyle A, Jay S, Marnewick J. COVID-19 lockdown impact on common general surgical acute presentations to a regional centre in New Zealand. N Z Med J. 2020;133(1525):96-105.
17. McLean RC, Young J, Musbahi A, et al. A single-centre observational cohort study to evaluate volume and severity of emergency general surgery admissions during the COVID-19 pandemic: is there a “lockdown” effect? Int J Surg. 2020;83:259-266. doi:10.1016/j.ijsu.2020. 09.011
18. Hartnett KP, Kite-Powell A, DeVies J, et al. Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on emergency department visits - United States, January 1, 2019-May 30, 2020. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2020;69(23):699-704. doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm6923e1
19. Guven DC, Sahin TK, Yildirim HC, et al. Newly diagnosed cancer and the COVID-19 pandemic: tumour stage migration and higher early mortality. BMJ Support Palliat Care. 2021. doi:10.1136/bmjspcare- 2021-003301
20. Young Yoon J, Hyung Lee M, Seob Kwak M, Myung Cha J. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on clinical practices related to colorectal cancer and colonoscopy in South Korea: a nationwide population-based study. Intest Res. 2025;23(1):85-95 doi:10.5217/ir.2024.00066
21. Kurtgo¨z A, I·ncedal Sonkaya Z, Keskin Kızıltepe S. COVID-19 pandemisinin kanser erken tes¸his tarama ve egˆitim merkezleri hizmetlerinin kullanımına etkisi. BAUN Health Sci J. 2023;12(1):195-200. doi:10.53424/balikesirsbd.1075926
22. Bjelland I, Dahl AA, Haug TT, Neckelmann D. The validity of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. An updated literature review. J Psychosom Res. 2002;52(2):69-77. doi:10.1016/s0022-3999(01)00296-3
23. Annunziata MA, Muzzatti B, Bidoli E, et al. Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) accuracy in cancer patients. Support Care Cancer. 2020;28(8):3921-3926. doi:10.1007/s00520-019-05244-8
Volume 3, Issue 4, 2025
Page : 64-67
_Footer