JOCS
Journal of Comprehensive Surgery

The aim of the Comprehensive Surgery is to publish original research articles of the highest scientific and clinical value at the international level in all surgical fields. This journal is indexed by indices that are considered international scientific journal indices (DRJI, ESJI, OAJI, etc.). According to the current Associate Professorship criteria, it is within the scope of International Article 1-d. Each article published in this journal corresponds to 5 points.

eISSN: 2980-0862
Creative Commons CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International License.
EndNote Style

Online Manuscript System

Index
Review
Developmental anomalies of the breast in the pediatric population
Abstract
Pediatric breast conditions, which rarely require biopsy or excision and where follow-up with ultrasound is sufficient, are usually temporary. To understand childhood's physiological and pathological conditions, it is necessary to know the stages of intrauterine development, as in every organ. In neonatal and subsequent childhood periods, ultrasound is sufficient as a radiological examination after history and physical examination. Malign masses are sporadic, and benign masses are rarely encountered. Parental anxiety is an essential factor affecting patient management from the first admission to the final follow-up examination. For this reason, practitioners need to know information that reassures patients and parents with an appropriate methodology in developmental breast diseases.

Keywords : Children, breast, developmental anomalies

Download Article


1. Coffin CM. The breast. In: Stocker JT, Dehner LP, eds. Pediatricpathology. 2nd ed. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins: 2002:993-1015.
2. Felsch KN, Merritt DF. Breast concerns. In: Kliegmen RM, StantonBF, Schor NF, St Geme III JW, eds. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics.20th ed. Elsevier: 2016:2614-2618.
3. Harold Ellis, Vishy Mahadevan. Anatomy and physiology of thebreast. Surgery (Oxford). 2013;31(1):11-14.
4. Kaplowitz PB. Reexamination of the age limit for defining whenpuberty is precocious in girls in the United States: implications forevaluation and treatment. Pediatrics. 1999;104(4):936-941.
5. Bock K, Duda VF, Hadji P, et al. Pathologic breast conditions inchildhood and adolescence. J Ultrasound Med. 2005;24(10):1347-1354.
6. Mehes K. Association of supernumerary nipples with otheranomalies. J Pediatr. 1983;102(1):161.
7. Velanovich V. Ectopic breast tissue, supernumerary breasts, andsupernumerary nipples. South Med J. 1995;88(9):903-906.
8. Pryor LS, Lehman JA, Workman MC. Disorders of the female breastin the pediatric age group. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2009;124(1):50e-60e.
9. Dixon JM, Mansel RE. ABC of breast diseases: congenital problemsand aberrations of normal breast development and involution. BMJ.1994;309(6957):797-800.
10. Haber HP, Wollmann HA, Ranke MB. Pelvic ultrasonography: earlydifferentiation between isolated premature thelarche and centralprecocious puberty. Eur J Pediatr. 1995;154(3):182-186.
11. Lanciotti L, Cofini M, Leonardi A, Penta L, Esposito S. Up-to-date reviewabout minipuberty and overview on hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadalaxis activation in fetal and neonatal life. Front Endocrinol. 2018;9:410.
12. Acer T, Derbent M, Hiçsönmez A. Bloody nipple discharge as a benign,self-limiting disorder in young children: a systematic review includingtwo related case reports. J Pediatr Surg. 2015;50(11):1975-1982.
13. Lee HB, Roh TS, Chung YK, Kim SW, Kim JB, Shin KS. Correctionof inverted nipple using strut reinforcement with deepithelializedtriangular flaps. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1998;102(4):1253-1258.
14. Einav-Bachar R, Phillip M, Aurbach-Klipper Y, Lazar L. Prepubertalgynaecomastia: aetiology, course and outcome. Clin Endocrinol.2004;61(1):55-60.
15. Dunbar B, Dündar N, Ecri T, Bober E, Büyükgebiz A. Leptin levelsin boys with pubertal gynecomastia. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab.2005;18(10):929-934.
16. Eidlitz-Markus T, Mukamel M, Haimi-Cohen Y, Amir J, ZehariaA. Breast asymmetry during adolescence: physiologic and non-physiologic causes. Isr Med Assoc J. 2010;12(4):203-206.
17. Chung EM, Cube R, Hall GJ, González C, Stocker JT, GlassmanLM. From the archives of the AFIP: breast masses in childrenand adolescents: radiologic-pathologic correlation. Radiograph.2009;29(3):907-931.
18. Kulkarni D, Dixon JM. Congenital abnormalities of the breast.Womens Health. 2012;8(1):75-88.
19. Sadove AM, van Aalst JA. Congenital and acquired pediatric breastanomalies: a review of 20 years’ experience. Plast Reconstr Surg.2005;115(4):1039-1050.
20. Wolfswinkel EM, Lemaine V, Weathers WM, Chike-Obi CJ, Xue AS,Heller L. Hyperplastic breast anomalies in the female adolescent breast.Semin Plast Surg. 2013;27(1):49-55.
21. Warren R, Degnim AC. Uncommon benign breast abnormalities inadolescents. Semin Plast Surg. 2013;27(1):26-28.
22. Restrepo R, Cervantes LF, Swirsky AM, Diaz A. Breast developmentin pediatric patients from birth to puberty: physiology, pathologyand imaging correlation. Pediatr Radiol. 2021;51(11):1959-1969.
Article available in :
Volume 2, Issue 1, 2024
Page : 12-14
https://doi.org/10.51271/JOCS-0026
Article Information
Received : 01 Şub 2024
Accepted : 13 Şub 2024
Published : 28 Şub 2024
Corresponding Author :

Mustafa Yaşar Özdamar: Department of Pediatric Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Erzincan Binali Yildirim University, Erzincan

[email protected]
Citation : Özdamar MY. Developmental anomalies of the breast in the pediatric population. J Compr Surg. 2024;2(1):12-14.

Read: 1407
Cited: 0
Download : 192
_Footer